การประเมินผลกระทบต่อสุขภาพของการพัฒนาห้องอากาศสะอาดและระบบการจัดการคุณภาพอากาศภายในอาคารศูนย์พัฒนาเด็กเล็ก ในจังหวัดเชียงใหม่

Abstract

Indoor air quality has become an important area of concern these days. It tends to be more serious and affects human health as well as resident convenience, especially during the smoke haze season (February-April) in upper northern Thailand. Indoor air monitoring and development for controlling the air quality indoors is necessary for building users, particularly in urban areas and polluted areas. This study aimed to study indoor air quality, health impact assessment, and factors related to indoor air quality and to develop indoor air quality management in five early childhood schools in Chiang Mai Province. For monitoring indoor air parameters i.e. Temperature, Relative humidity, Air movement, Particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5), Particulate matter (PM10), Carbon dioxide (CO2), Carbon monoxide (CO), Ozone (O3), Formaldehyde (CH2O), Total volatile organic compound (TVOC), Total bacterial and total fungal. The methods and measurement tools are according to the announcement of the Department of Health, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand. It was found that PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations in all buildings exceeded indoor air quality standards. Moreover, some buildings CO2 and O3 concentrations were higher than recommended levels. In addition, when assessing health risks will be evaluated by Hazard Quotient (HQ). It was found that CO2 and O3 had HQ > 1 in some age groups, while PM2.5 and PM10 had HQ > 1 in all age groups, meaning health risk. After implementing indoor air quality management systems (Clean air room) showed that PM2.5, PM10, CO2, and O3 concentration and other parameters decreased within the standard. Also, health risk assessments for PM2.5, PM10, CO2, and O3 were found in all ages to have HQ ≤ 1, meaning acceptable health risks. However, there should be a comprehensive study of air pollution management and building styles, such as building design, and ventilation. To find suitable building design guidelines for ventilation of indoor air pollution.