Fluoride release and rechargeability of Poly(lactic acid) composites with glass Ionomer cement

Abstract

Dental caries is a highly prevalent chronic disease affecting more than 40% of the population. Therefore, the development of ions releasing material that can provide sustained fluoride release in the oral cavity is of great interest for preventing dental caries. The objective of this research is to develop anticariogenic poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites and assess the fluoride release, rechargeability and degradation behaviors. The present study involved the preparation of polylactic acid (PLA) composites containing various concentrations (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight) of glass ionomer cement (GIC) and sodium fluoride (NaF) utilizing the solvent casting method. The study assessed the release and rechargeability of fluoride ions and the degradation behavior. Results showed that fluoride-releasing ability was observed in all experimental groups. The PLA composite with sodium fluoride (PLA/NaF) exhibited the highest concentration of released fluoride ions. Both groups displayed a steady decline in fluoride ion released over a period of 28 days, with levels ranging from 0.03 ± 0.01 to 0.53 ± 0.06 ppm, while still staying within the range that is effective for tooth remineralization. However, the rechargeability was only seen in PLA composite with GIC (PLA/GIC). The results of the in vitro degradation test indicated that the PLA/NaF groups exhibited a significantly greater percentage of weight change and water absorption in comparison to both the PLA/GIC and control groups. In SEM analysis, the formation of surface porosities was apparent in all PLA/NaF. In conclusion, the newly developed PLA/GIC displays promising possibilities as an anticariogenic material, as the concentration is sufficient to contribute effectively to remineralization processes. Furthermore, the rechargeability of these ions are repeatable, ensuring their continued utility over extended durations.