การประเมินศักยภาพเศรษฐกิจชุมชนและทุนทางวัฒนธรรมภายใต้เกณฑ์ระบบมรดกทางการเกษตรโลกเกลือทะเลไทย อำเภอบ้านแหลม จังหวัดเพชรบุรี

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate food security and livelihood within the concept of GIAHS, to study the cultural capital of sea salt farming and its significance, assess the readiness and economic potential of the sea salt farming community, and synthesize policy directions for the economic and social development of the sea salt farming community. The researchers interviewed 409 households of farmers and fishermen, converting the data using Max-min normalization and weighing the data using the Entropy weight method, in order to obtain information for assessing food security and livelihood. Furthermore, 100 stakeholders related to sea salt farming were interviewed to gather information on the readiness and economic potential of the community. Interviews were also conducted with government agencies, sea salt farmers, researchers from Petchaburi Rajabhat University, and local government agencies, to gather information on cultural capital and the importance of salt farming. Lastly, a holistic management concept was applied, organizing group meetings to identify problems related to economic, social, and environmental development. The SWOT analysis and TOWS Matrix tools were used to determine policies through a balanced management concept (Balance score card). The study found that the food security and livelihood of the interviewees in this area were not good, with an average rating of 2.724, which is divided into 1.476 for food security score and 1.248 for livelihood security score. Regarding cultural capital, it was found that sea salt production in Ban Laem district has deep-rooted traditions, both tangible and intangible, creating a distinctive cultural identity of the area. Traditional rituals, food, crafts, and tools related to salt production contribute to tangible cultural characteristics, unique to the locality, providing value in terms of historic, aesthetics, scientific, economic, and social. In terms of community potential, natural capital was rated the highest, followed by social capital, indigenous knowledge capital, physical capital, and financial capital. Human capital was rated the lowest. Additionally, the community was not ready to receive GIAHS status as the evaluation indicated that the salt farming community is in a Weak-GIAHS status. Finally, to promote the community's potential to attain GIAHS status, the researchers proposed the following guidelines: Issue 1: Solving economic, social, and environmental problems to make sea salt farming sustainable. Issue 2: Building networks in local communities to solve economic, social, and environmental problems. Issue 3: Developing systems and management mechanisms to address economic, social, and environmental issues. And Issue 4: Developing the potential of sea salt farmers and related networks to improve economic, social, and environmental conditions in the community.