Effects of blended vegetable and fruit juice containing probiotics on lipid levels and oxidative stress in Dyslipidemic volunteers at Bhumibol Adulyadej hospital

Abstract

Dyslipidemia, a disorder of lipoprotein metabolism causing changes in blood lipid levels and leading to atherosclerosis, the main cause of cardiovascular disease, can be reduced by the intake of vegetable and fruit containing natural antioxidant, vitamins, minerals and soluble fiber. In this research, seven kinds of vegetable and fruit were selected and collected from an organic farm to make blended vegetable and fruit juice. The sensory evaluation of the blended vegetable and fruit juice from 12 formulations was performed in order to select the optimum formulation. Additionally, the soluble fiber content, total polyphenol content, and antioxidant capacity in 12 formulations are analyzed. After obtaining the optimum formulation, there was a study on the effect of the blended vegetable and fruit juice containing probiotics L. paracasei and the one without probiotics on biological markers related to dyslipidemia and oxidative stress in dyslipidemic subjects. The sensory evaluation of 12 blended vegetable and fruit juice formulations was performed to obtain the sensory responses to appearance, color, aroma, taste, texture and overall acceptability by using a 9-point Hedonic scale. The result revealed that the average sensory acceptance scores of the formulations F1 and F10 were at a high-range between 7 (like moderately) and 9 (like extremely). The formulation F10 showed the highest content of total polyphenol at 90.59±2.98 as mg Gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/100 mL of blended vegetable and fruit juice. The relation between the total polyphenol content and the antioxidant ( ABTS) values in the same formulation was detected; if the total polyphenol content was high, the antioxidant (ABTS) values were also high. The formulation F10 showed the statistically significant (p0.05). After 30 days of the clinical trial, there was a statistically non-significant difference (p>0.05) in body weight, BMI and waist circumference in both groups compared with baseline values. The systolic blood pressure of the subjects in Group 1 showed a nonsignificant decrease ( p>0.05) while the systolic blood pressure in Group 2 showed a significant decrease ( p0.05) between groups. The diastolic blood pressure of the subjects in Group 1 showed a non-significant decrease (p>0.05) while the one in Group 2 showed a significant decrease (p0.05) within group. In contrast, HDL-C, triglyceride and triglycerides/HDL-C ratio showed a statistically non-significant decrease (p>0.05) within group. The lipid profiles of the subjects in Group 2 showed a statistically significant decrease in the levels of total cholesterol, LDL-C, triglycerides and triglycerides/HDL-C ratio ( p0.05) between groups. The antioxidant capacity in plasma was measured using a modified ABTS assay and the result showed a statistically non-significant increase within group in both groups and a statistically non-significant difference (p>0.05) between groups. The lipid peroxidation in plasma which was measured using a modified MDA assay showed a statistically non-significant decrease (p>0.05) within group in Group 1. In contrast, MDA showed a significant decrease (p0.05) between groups. The oxidative stress enzymes studied in this research consisted of catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutases (SOD). The three types of the oxidative stress enzyme levels in Group 1 showed a statistically non-significant increase (p>0.05) within group whereas in Group 2 showed a significant increase in catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) (p0.05) in superoxide dismutases (SOD) within group while the three types of the oxidative stress enzyme levels showed a non-significant difference (p>0.05) between groups. The inflammatory marker, hs-CRP, levels in both groups showed a significant decrease (p0.05) between groups. The bile acids levels in feces of the subjects in Group1 displayed a statistically nonsignificant decrease (p>0.05) within group. In contrast, the bile acids levels in feces of the subjects in Group 2 displayed a statistically significant increase (p < 0.10) within group while the bile acids levels in feces showed a significant difference (p0.05) in lactic acid, butyric acid and propionic acid levels in feces of the subjects in Group 1 while there was a significant increase (p0.05) in lactic acid in feces of the subjects in Group 2 while there was a significant increase in acetic acid, butyric acid and propionic acid levels in feces (p0.05) between groups. According to the results obtained in this research, the blended vegetable and fruit juice formulation F10 containing L. paracasei could decrease systolic blood pressure by 9.20%, diastolic blood pressure by 10.53%, total cholesterol by 5.59%, LDL-C by 6%, triglyceride by 24.14%, triglycerides/HDL-C ratio by 30.83%, hs-CRP by 31.87%, MDA by 68.42%. In addition, it could increase HDL-C by 8.33% , catalase enzyme by 8.07% , glutathione peroxidase enzyme by 31.75% in the dyslipidemic subjects who hadn’t taken any dyslipidemic medicine at Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital. Hence, the blended vegetable and fruit juice formulation F10 containing L. paracasei could be a new alternative method to reduce LDL-C and triglycerides and enhance primary prevention for cardiovascular diseases in dyslipidemic patients who never experience any dyslipidemic medication.