Myanmar's news media landscape before and after the 2021 military coup

Abstract

This study explores the dynamics of news media in Myanmar during two distinct periods: the democratization period of 2011-2021 and the post-coup period since 2021. Prior to the coup, Myanmar had made significant progress on a path towards democratization, including media reforms that allowed for greater press freedom and independence in journalism. However, following the coup, the military junta imposed sweeping restrictions on the media, including a ban on independent news media outlets and social media platforms. This research draws on interviews with journalists including those from mainstream media outlets and ethnic media, as well as analysis of news coverage and social media activity, to explore the impact of these changes on media freedom and journalistic practices, and the coping strategies of journalists under this suppression. The findings suggest that the coup has had a chilling effect on press freedom, with journalists facing increased censorship and harassment. Moreover, the proliferation of disinformation and propaganda has contributed to a broader crisis of information in Myanmar. The prevailing conditions present challenges to apply democratic functions in the media landscape, rising concerns about an under-informed society. This study highlights the importance of press freedom, ethical journalism, and democratic reforms for a vibrant and independent media in Myanmar, suggesting that the current primary obstacle to the media’s development is the authoritarianism enforced by the military regime.