ผลกระทบของส่วนผสมและการเสื่อมสภาพของแอสฟัลต์คอนกรีตต่อการเก็บเกี่ยวพลังงานไฟฟ้าบนพื้นฐานหลักการการกำเนิดไฟฟ้าแบบทริโบอิเล็กทริก

Abstract

The demand for electricity continues to rise, with electrical energy playing a crucial role in human daily life and the operation of various machines. While electricity is primarily generated through conventional methods such as hydropower dams, coal-fired power plants, and solar cells. Significant amounts of electrical energy are lost because of daily activities like walking, object movement, and vehicular motion. To mitigate such energy losses effectively, research efforts have focused on harvesting the wasted energy and converting it into electrical energy using innovative devices. One such device with promising potential is the Triboelectric Nanogenerator (TENG), known for its low cost, ease of energy conversion from mechanical motion, and high efficiency. This research study aims to investigate asphalt concrete as a potential material for harvesting wasted energy from ordinary objects such as vehicle motion and contact in daily life. The working principle of the TENG involves triboelectrification and electrostatic induction for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy. Recent studies have focused on enhancing the energy harvesting efficiency of TENGs. Several factors influence the TENG's performance, including the contact surface, the difference in electronegativity, the dielectric constant of the material, the contact-separation frequency, and the TENG's operating mode. In Part 1 of the study, it was found that asphalt concrete sample, when used in a single electrode mode TENG configuration, utilizing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) as a test material with a 5% mixture of AC 60/70, yielded the highest electrical output with a thickness of 1.5 cm. The maximum voltage and current were recorded as 70 V and 5.8 µA, respectively. The durability test showed that asphalt concrete TENG maintained 89% of its electrical output after 5000 cycles of impact testing at an increased contact-separation frequency. At a frequency of 10 Hz, the TENG produced a maximum voltage and current of 126 V and 11.4 µA, respectively. In Part 2 of the study, it was observed that deteriorated asphalt concrete, obtained through abrasive polishing using a Three-Wheel Polishing Device (TWPD), exhibited significantly highest energy harvesting capabilities of potential difference and current after 50000 abrasion cycles at 17.82 V and 1.70 µA respectively. It was observed that Electrical outputs inversely correlated with its coefficient of friction, which continuously decreased. Increasing the rotational speed of the polishing wheel also led to improved energy harvesting. The maximum voltage and current recorded were 26.60 V and 2.75 µA, respectively, at a rotational speed of 220 revolutions per minute. Additionally, power maximum per area output testing through a load resistor resulted in 31.24 mW/m2 at a resistance of 20 MΩ. Furthermore, the investigation of the impact of abrasive polishing on asphalt concrete's color revealed that the material possessed suitable characteristics for effective energy harvesting using the principles of the Triboelectric Nanogenerator theory. These findings provide practical insights for the potential application of asphalt concrete based TENGs on future roadways, particularly utilizing rubber tires of vehicles, to harvest wasted electrical energy.