การคัดเลือกพื้นที่ปลอดภัยสำหรับวิกฤตการณ์ฝุ่นละอองขนาดเล็กกว่า 2.5 ไมครอน

Abstract

According to the PM10–2.5 pollution problem in Thailand, the human health problem becomes a significant issue. Many researchers and the government of Thailand attempt to help the people to avoid this problem. Nevertheless, the Government’s strategy cannot be successful completely. To support the government to help the people in a risk area, this research aims to propose a study of criteria and optimal site selection for safe zones and healthcare service centers in the air pollution disaster. According to the Saraphee district of Chiangmai province is the high-risk area about the PM10–2.5 pollution problem, Hence, Saraphee district is selected to be a case study. This study proposes a methodology by using the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (Fuzzy AHP) technique, the fuzzy technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution (Fuzzy TOPSIS), and a mathematical model for this research. Firstly, the fuzzy AHP is applied to find the weight of each criterion in which all criteria were obtained from the survey and the interview of experts. After that, the fuzzy TOPSIS is employed to evaluate the score of each candidate location. Finally, the mathematical model is applied to seek suitable locations for the case study under several conditions such as budget limit, capacity limit, bound of the number of selected locations in each area, and bound of total score obtained from the evaluation. The results found that the proposed method could generate the optimal solution and seek suitable locations for building safe zones and healthcare service centers in the air pollution disaster. This research will be of great significance in helping decision-makers or government consider the strategic placement of safe zones and healthcare service centers and helping people avoid the hazard of air.