ประสิทธิผลของโปรแกรมปรับเปลี่ยนพฤติกรรมสุขภาพสำหรับกลุ่มชาติพันธุ์ปกาเกอะญอที่เป็นกลุ่มเสี่ยงโรคความดันโลหิตสูง อำเภอกัลยาณิวัฒนา จังหวัดเชียงใหม่

Abstract

The current trend of high blood pressure risk groups is increasing, which could be life threatening. However, high blood pressure can be prevented through behavioral changes. The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to determine the effectiveness of a health behavior change program for the Pga K'nyau ethnic at hypertension risk Group in Galyani Vadhana district, Chiang Mai province. The study used simple random sampling to assign two villages, each with 30 people for the intervention and control groups, for a total of 60 participants. The intervention group received a health behavior change program for hypertension prevention based on the prevention motivation theory. A questionnaire was used to collect data, and it included general information, perceived severity of hypertension, perceived susceptibility of hypertension, self-efficacy in hypertension prevention, response efficacy in hypertension prevention, and hypertension prevention behaviors. Blood pressure levels were also measured. All data were collected three times: at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up. The study lasted 10 weeks, from February to April 2021. The Chi-square tests revealed that there was no difference in the general information of participants at baseline between the intervention and control groups. The Independent t-test revealed that the mean score of perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, response efficacy, and hypertension prevention behaviors, as well as average blood pressure levels, were not different between the intervention and control groups at baseline. Whereas these variables in the intervention group significantly improved when compared to those in the control group at post-intervention and follow-up (p<0.05). The Paired t-test revealed that the intervention group's mean score of perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, self-efficacy, response efficacy, and hypertension prevention behaviors, as well as average blood pressure levels, significantly improved at post-intervention and follow-up when compared to baseline (p<0.05). The control group showed no difference at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up. In conclusion, health behavior change program for hypertension prevention based on the prevention motivation theory could be used to improve health behavior for preventing hypertension among the Pga K'nyau ethnic at hypertension risk Group, as well as in other populations and areas with similar characteristics.