การเพิ่มผลิตภาพในการก่อสร้างบ้านของห้างหุ้นส่วนจำกัด ชญา คอนสตรัคชั่น

Abstract

The objective of this research was to investigate how to increase the productivity in the house construction of Chaya Construction Limited Partnership by finding the causes of the problem by interviewing managers, full-time employees, sub-contractors and those involved in the construction, a total of 28 people. The data were collected from observing actual working conditions using interview logs, observation check sheet, and productivity measurement record forms. The study of the working condition (before improvement) was conducted by preparing the workflow as a Flow Chart in Time Function Mapping and making a Gantt chart to learn the steps and duration of all activities. Labor productivity was then measured using three measurement methods: Field Ratings, Productivity Ratings, and Five Minute Ratings. The collected data were analyzed by categorizing the data to identify problems and using Pareto charts to identify critical issues. The root causes of the problem were then analyzed using Fishbone diagrams. The PDCA principles were implemented to plan the productivity improvements by analyzing the process values. The process was improved using ECRS techniques. After the improvement of the process, the data were used to compare the productivity before and after the operation improvement. The results were reported in percentages and the amount of time reduced. The results of the study found that the construction of a single-story steel structure house, before the process improvement, had 1 7 main activities, 47 sub-activities, taking a total construction period of 133 days (some activities were performed simultaneously). The workflow was shown as a Flow Chart in Time Function Mapping and Gantt chart to show the duration and relationship of sub-activities. The productivity of the 17 main activities was then measured by Field Ratings, Productivity Ratings, and Five Minute Ratings. According to the interviews and the observations, it was able to analyze problems that resulted in low productivity and high construction costs. By using the Pareto chart, it revealed the critical issues that urgently needed to be solved, namely, unclear plans, irresponsible workers, broken equipment, insufficient tools, inadequate work skills, and redundant work processes. The root causes of the problem were then examined using Fishbone charts. In problem solving planning, the construction drawings and details were studied. The construction operation improvement were planned by analyzing the value of activities, using management principles to increase productivity, and employing techniques that focus on work, people, technology, products, and materials. 5R Framework was also used to help increase productivity. To improve the process, ECRS and Time Function Mapping methods were applied, and the Gantt chart was created. Moreover, the workforce planning, employee management, time and material planning, Partner-oriented concept planning, and construction material management were done. In the construction of the second house, after the improved operation plan, there were fewer problems. The construction activities were reduced from 17 main activities and 47 sub-activities to 17 main activities and 42 sub-activities, thus the construction time reduced from 133 days to 116 days. It was found that there was an increase in productivity, which in each activity took less time to operate. These results are in accordance with the objectives which are to study the problems in the house construction and to study how to increase the productivity in the construction, leading to less construction time and increased workforce productivity.