แรงงานชาติพันธุ์และความสัมพันธ์ทางสังคมในการผลิตกาแฟสู่ตลาดโลก ของชุมชนชาติพันธุ์อาข่าบ้านดอยช้าง

Abstract

This thesis is an ethnographic study that focuses on "Ethnic labor and social relations in coffee production to the world market of Akha Ban Doi Chang ethnic community". Using participatory interviewing and observation methods we research questions as follows: 1. How does the change of agricultural production systems to the Akha coffee production affect labor use? 2. What is the model of labor relations in coffee production? 3. How coffe's lifestyle and adaptation of Ethnic labor in production in Doi Chaang Community? The concepts used are Highland development Concept of stepfather system and foster relationship and concepts of living. The study was conducted from August 2018 until April 2019 in the Doi Chang Community, Wawee Sub-district, Mae Suai District, Chiang Rai Province, Thailand. In the course of a year, the agricultural production in this area shifted from growing crops for sustenance to growing cash crops due to the impact of "Highland development" The starting point of the coffee business on Doi Chaang. Caused by the villagers in Doi Chang community have been distributed Arabica coffe seedlings to replace 40 families who grow opium crops. In 1983, the royal initiative of His Majesty King Bhumibol Adulyadej Rama IX through the royal initiative received cooperation from international organizations such as The Thai-German high development project and the Department of Agriculture have brought good coffee varieties to research and development. Ready to set up various research and experiment centers On Doi Chaang. Later, after the villagers in Doi Chaang established Doi Chaang Coffee Factory in 2003, it was successful, resulting in Doi Chaang Coffee becoming more and more popular in the world market. The Doi Chaang area has become one of the most important sources of cultivation and production of coffee for sale in Thailand. Since late 2002, the production of cash crops like Arabica coffee has expanded rapidly for Doi Chaang farmers. This can be seen from the beginning of coffee growing in 1983 when there were about 40 rai of coffee plantations in the area. In 2002, there was about 500-600 rai of coffe growing areas, and in 2008, the coffee plantation area was expanded to approximately 20,000 rai and currently covers about 30,000 rai of coffee plantation area. As a result, the coffee business in the Doi Chaang community has expanded rapidly with the need to hire large numbers of ethnic workers at low prices. As a result, employers in the community have managed ethnic workers to have workers to help. Ethnic workers themselves adjust for their livelihoods for employment in the Doi Chang community. As a result, employers and ethnic workers manage relationships with each other. This study found that the relationship between employer and ethnic workers is a relationship between people in an economic structure in which the relationship is exchanging that interest. There is the freedom to set terms against each other, both of which use a personal relationship. And benefits by relying on the employee and employer must help each other to get the most benefits that each party deserves. The local coffee process management model is important to the management of ethnic workers. By determining the relationship in the management of ethnic workers, the reciprocal social relationship continues. This is because agricultural production and the local economy require a lot of ethnic labor. Every coffee production process requires human labor to be involved. Most importantly, the security for farmers who have to ensure that ethnic workers come to help work throughout all year also ethnic workers also want to have employment throughout all year to get income.