กำเนิดและวิวัฒนาการของหมู่บ้านเสื้อแดงเพื่อประชาธิปไตย ในฐานะกลไกขับเคลื่อนทางการเมือง กรณีศึกษา บ้านท่าฮ่อ ตำบลทรายขาว อำเภอพาน จังหวัดเชียงราย

Abstract

The objectives of this study are 1) to study on the origin and evolution of Red Shirt Village for democracy as political mobility case study of Ban Tha Ho, Tumbon Sai Koa, Amphoe Phan, Changwat Chiang Rai and 2) to analyze the Red Shirt Village for democracy as political mobility and citizenship in democracy system. The qualitative research and in-depth interview by using unstructured observation are used for the true information. Also, the purposive sampling was done in this study. From this study, it was found that most of the villagers have never had political movement or political activities before. Plus, some of them especially for the labors and farmers are not interested in political issues. After the coup d'état in 2006, it is the first time for the villagers in Ban Tha Ho to pay attention in Thai politics as the Red Shirt Group. Their political movements in local level are improved. One of that is the establishment of Red Shirt Village for democracy that its objectives are 1) the disagreement of the coup d'état in 2006 2) the effects from the political and economical changes and 3) the request for social justice and equality. All of those are aimed for political justice and the election-as a tool of democratic system. The establishment of Red Shirt Village in Ban Tha Ho, Tumbon Sai Koa, Amphoe Phan, Changwat Chiang Rai is the political tool that is complicated and affect their political movement. The organization structure is well managed and its activities are done continually such as the wide discussion toward political issues in public places, the exchange of political knowledge and ideas, the speech events about politics and democracy, the participation in political protests in national level, the cooperation with both government and private sections as well as with the politicians and other red-shirt networks. These activities are shown that the villagers in Ban Tha Ho,Tumbon Sai Koa, Amphoe Phan, Changwat Chiang Rai have well understanding that their sovereignties do not end up with the election. On the other hand, their establishment of Red Shirt Village is aimed to be a tool for rebuild their political freedom and to participate in the political situation in the country. It is also shown their enthusiastic citizenship that is full of social responsibility and concerns. Finally, everyone will help each other and share the same sense of owner of this country. This study aims 1) to study on roles of the village headman as the leader in the society after the decentralization of the Constitution Law in 1997 2) to study on pattern of operations of the Village Headman that relate to the Sub district Administrative Organization's roles in Pangmapha district, Maehongsorn province and 3) to study on operational problems of the village headman that relate to the Sub district Administrative Organization's roles in Pangmapha district, Maehongsorn province and suggest the solutions. The concept of fragmented centralism, deconcentration, local management, community leadership and decentralization were used to explain the research answers. The qualitative method was used and the half-structured interview was done in the specific samples which are officers, group of local administrative leaders, official leaders and unofficial leaders. Both participated and non-participated observation during the meeting of some villages in Pangmapha district found that the roles of the village headman are decreased because of the following reasons. 1) The consequence from the decentralization of the Constitution Law in 1997 that limited the administrative roles of the village headman. While their roles are limited, the roles of the local administrative officers are importantly increased. 2) The increasing of local elections that causes the conflicts among villagers and link to the inability of the village headman's management. However, some factors from the majority of the samples still support the importance of the village headman which are 1) the legal law that indicate all villagers were supervised by the village headman and the 1914 local administration act (revised from the 12th one in 1909) that did not cancel the village headman position. 2) The traditional culture of the originated villagers and the sense of unity that develop in the village. 3) The physical geology of Pangmapha district that locate along the border line can develop the importance of the village headman who is the closest dependable government officer. 4) The familiarity between the villagers and the village headman. 5) The limited development of the Local Administrative Organization. 6) The unfamiliarity of the villagers and the Local Administrative Organization. Besides, the operational patterns between the village headman who works as one of the local government officer and the local administrative organization are going well and support each other. However, the misunderstanding on roles could lead to some neglected operations. Therefore, this study suggests that the village headman should be positioned as the supportive position in the Local Administrative Organization and involved in all meetings. Next, all news and information will be shared to the villagers. Plus, the Local Administrative Organization's roles will be well conceived. After that, more meeting should be conducted in the village in order to inform all news and information from the local administrative organization to the villagers. Furthers, the sensitive conflicts such as budget could be easily prevented.