แนวทางการบริหารระบบนิเวศการเรียนรู้สู่ผลลัพธ์ที่พึงประสงค์ของผู้เรียนระดับการศึกษาขั้นพื้นฐาน

Abstract

The objectives of this research are: 1) to synthesize the components and indicators of a learning ecosystem, 2) to study the processes and best practices in managing a learning ecosystem, and 3) to develop and validate guidelines for managing a learning ecosystem to achieve the desired learning outcomes at the basic education level. The sample consisted of 500 school administrators and teachers under the Office of the Basic Education Commission. Opinions were surveyed using a 40-item, 5-point Likert scale questionnaire on the components of a learning ecosystem. The discrimination power ranged from 0.549 to 0.961 and the reliability was 0.969. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted using Mplus software. Qualitative data were collected through interviews with seven experts, selected by purposive sampling. The interview guidelines focused on managing the learning ecosystem and reviewing the draft guidelines for achieving desired learner outcomes. Additionally, a focus group discussion with seven experts, also selected by purposive sampling, was conducted to validate the draft guidelines on three aspects: suitability, feasibility, and usefulness. The research findings indicate that: 1) The learning ecosystem comprises 5 components: educational policies, contents, stakeholders support, learning cultures, and learning resources. The confirmatory factor analysis confirms the structural validity of the model. 2) Effective management of learning ecosystems should promote and support four key aspects: (1) The rationale/motivation for developing learning ecosystems: the fundamental belief that learners can engage in lifelong learning. (2) Management processes of learning ecosystems according to their components. (3) Conditions for success affecting the management of learning ecosystems. (4) Limitations/additional recommendations for managing learning ecosystems. 3) Guidelines for managing learning ecosystems for desired learner outcomes focus on five main aspects: (1) Principles: emphasizing lifelong learning as a core principle. (2) Objectives: aiming to create a learning ecosystem that fosters lifelong learning. (3) Methods/processes based on the components of the learning ecosystem. (4) Conditions for success in managing learning ecosystems: developing each component systematically using research and development processes to ensure effective management. (5) Limitations/recommendations for managing and developing learning ecosystems: providing insights and suggestions at the policy, organizational, and individual are in very high levels to enhance the learning ecosystem.