ผลของภาวะกลืนลำบากต่อภาวะโภชนาการและรูปแบบการรับประทานอาหารของผู้สูงอายุ

Abstract

This study was a matched cross-sectional study to determine the relationship between dysphagia and undernutrition, as well as dietary consumption patterns and dysphagia in older adults. The participants in this research were over the age of 60, totaling 268 people. Collected data, nutritional status assessment (MNA), dysphagia assessment (EAT-10), oral examination, and recorded food consumption by a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. General data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The effect of dysphagia on undernutrition was analyzed by Adjusted Odds Ratio, and the relationship of food consumption pattern to dysphagia was analyzed with Chi-square statistics.

The study revealed the average age of the undernutrition and normal nutrition groups was 68.9 + 6.1 years and 68.8 t 6.0 years, respectively, according to the research. The activities of daily living (ADL) of the malnourished group was 19.7 - 0.9 and the normal nutrition group was 19.8 ± 0.7. Undernutrition and normal nutrition had nutritional status (MNA) of 21.0 ± 2.2 and 25.4 ± 1.4, respectively, with a statistically significant difference at the 0.05 level. Older adults with dysphagia were 5.1 times more likely to experience undernutrition than older adults without dysphagia at p 0.05 (95% CI = 1.83-14.32). There was a statistically significant difference between the meal patterns among the dysphagia older adults' group and the normal-swallowing older adults' group at the 0.05 level. This study suggests that dysphagia was associated with the nutritional status of the subjects, and dietary patterns were associated with dysphagia. It can be used to establish recommendations for dietary consumption and selection of dietary patterns suitable for swallowing in older adults.