Restorative environments for small residential units

Abstract

The global trend of urbanization and recent pandemic have led to a significant shift in how people work and live, increasing the demand for small residential units suitable for remote work and prolonged living. As indoor time increases, the importance of restorative environments in these spaces becomes evident, positively impacting productivity, reducing fatigue, and alleviating stress. This study aimed to identify effective restorative environments for small residential units and contribute to existing knowledge. Six virtual restorative environment models were developed by combining two forms (Rectilinear and Curvilinear) and three styles (Minimal, Natural, and Rustic). 89 participants, with experience in lockdown or working from home in small residential units, took part in the study using head-mounted virtual reality devices to evaluate the simulated environments with an adapted PRS questionnaire. Results showed that all virtual restorative environments received higher ratings than non-restorative environment. The combination of Rectilinear form with Minimal style and Curvilinear form with Natural style received the highest ratings. Interestingly, nature analogues in the form of curves and natural materials did not yield expected results. The findings highlight the importance of individual preferences, compatibility with environments, and the coherence of elements in enhancing restorative qualities. Creating an effective restorative environment involves more than just incorporating natural-based elements. These findings provide valuable guidance for creating indoor environments that promote well-being and productivity, particularly in the context of remote work and extended stays in small residential units.