ฤทธิ์ลดการอักเสบและฤทธิ์สมานแผลของน้ำยาบ้วนปากจากน้ำมันมะพร้าวสกัดเย็นบริษุทธิ์ต่อเซลล์สร้างเส้นใยในช่องปากของมนุษย์

Abstract

Object: This study aimed to investigate and compare the reduction of inflammation and wound healing effect of coconut oil mouthwash on human gingival fibroblast cells, comparing with 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX). Methods: In vitro study, Human gingival fibroblast cell (HGFCs) and RAW 264.7 cells were cultured in completed medium containing 10% FBS and 1% antibiotic. Coconut oil mouthwash formulation (CoMW), containing 60% virgin coconut oil (VCO), 30% propylene glycol (PG), and 10% distilled water, was prepared. Its ingredients such as VCO and PG, and 0.12% CHX were determined for cytotoxicity test to calculate IC50 and sub-IC50 concentration. The reduction of inflammation effect was investigated via the inhibition against E. coli lipopolysaccharide-activated nitric oxide production on HGFCs and RAW 264.7, and expression of proinflammatory mediators interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and cyclooxygenase-2 on HGFCs. The wound healing property was determined by scratch assay. Results: The results demonstrated that 12.5% (v/v) CoMW and 0.001875% (v/v) CHX showed no cytotoxicity to HGFCs. 12.5% (v/v) CoMW significantly increased nitric oxide production from LPS-activated HGFCs (P<0.01), opposite to 0.0001875% (v/v) CHX that significantly suppressed LPS-induced nitric oxide production (P<0.001). 12.5% (v/v) CoMW significantly reduced interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression in LPS-activated HGFCs (P<0.001, P<0.05), However 12.5% (v/v) CoMW showed the reduction of inflammation was lower statistically significant than the group that was treated with 0.001875% (v/v) CHX (P<0.001). However, 12.5% (v/v) CoMW induced HGFCs migration faster than control group, similarly to 0.001875% (v/v) CHX. In addition, PG had no anti-inflammation and wound healing properties. Conclusion: Sub-IC50 of CoMW formula containing 7.5% VCO induced LPS-activated HGF cells to increase nitric oxide production. It reduced IL-6 and COX-2 gene expression, but the level of reductions were not less than sub-IC50 CHX. However, sub-IC50 of coconut oil mouthwash and sub-IC50 of chlorhexidine gluconate increased wound healing similarly and faster than non-treated cells. Therefore, the developed coconut oil mouthwash formula could be used as an adjunct treatment for oral inflammation.