การประเมินมูลค่าต้นทุนการหลีกเลี่ยงมลพิษทางอากาศจากปัญหาหมอกควันในจังหวัดเชียงใหม่

Abstract

The problem of air pollution from PM2.5 dust has huge health implications. People need to protect themselves by wearing masks to avoid PM2.5 dust, using air purifiers, or spending more time at home The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate air quality perception (AQP), (2) examine the influence of air quality perception (AQP) on self-defense behavior, and (3) evaluate the averting costs. and (4) comparing the magnitude of the influence of perceived air quality (AQP) and PM2.5 exposure on averting costs. The method for estimating averting costs is based on the actual cost of purchasing protective equipment from smog problems. The assessment of perceived air quality (AQP) uses a series of questionnaires and assessment methods based on the study by Deguen et al. (2012) by collecting data from a survey of 600 people living in Chiang Mai. The results showed that the sample group had a low perception of air quality during the haze problem (January - April 2021). The mean and median values of perceived quality were 0.399 and 0.387, respectively, but the variable of perceived air quality had the greatest influence on avoidance behavior. In assessing the averting cost, it was found that the samples that used PM2.5 dust masks had an average cost of 322.89 baht person/year, the average cost of using an air purifier was 526.50 baht/person/year, and the averting cost of spending more time at home by an average of 597.94 baht/person/year. Based on the population of Chiang Mai aged 25-50, it was found that the total averting cost in 2021 was 230 million baht per year. Individual factors that positively affected the averting cost were a bachelor's degree or higher, income, and knowledge of smog problems. The two PM2.5 exposure variables, average residential PM2.5 particulate matter and number of days PM2.5 particulate matter exceeds the standard, were found to have no effect on averting costs, while perceived air quality (AQP) had a significant effect on costs.