Comparison of treatments with and without amoxicillin-clavulanate in canine dental extraction

Abstract

This clinical study compared the effects of amoxicillin-clavulanate regimen patterns in dental extraction surgery of canine periodontitis stage 3 or 4. A total of 69 dogs participated in this study. They were diagnosed by the Dental Clinic Unit of Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, and classified stages follow American Veterinary Dental College criteria. They were appraised their health condition by performing a physical examination, complete blood count, blood biochemistry, and chest radiography to evaluate the risks of anesthesia by the criteria of the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA). The dogs that enrolled in this study were healthy status. If they had a systemic disease or score of ASA more than 2, they were excluded from this study. All the dogs who participated were divided into three groups; group A (n=22) was a control group that had not received any antibiotics. Group B(n=25), amoxicillin-clavulanate 15 mg/kg was administered intravenously both 30 minutes before surgery and prescribed orally seven days postoperatively. In group C (n=22), the dogs received a single dose of amoxicillin- clavulanate 15 mg/kg intravenously 30 minutes before surgery. All of them gained oral carprofen to control inflammation and reduce pain for five days after tooth extraction. Postoperative complications were followed up the clinical sign of appetite, oral pain, bleeding, fever, and adverse drug effect by a call to the owner on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th postoperative days. When cultured and tested for antibiotic sensitivity in the case of a severe dental socket infection or root abscess, it was found that the main causative bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (33.33%), followed by Escherichia coli (17.46%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (12.70%), respectively. The antibiotic susceptibility test part of amoxicillin-clavulanate was susceptible to 42.85%. Nonetheless, fluoroquinolone and aminoglycosides were more susceptible than penicillin and beta-lactamase groups. For instance, the susceptibility rate of gentamicin was 87.18%, enrofloxacin was 75.41%, and norfloxacin was 73.08%. Therefore, antibiotic use should be considered based on the antimicrobial susceptibility testing results to reduce the increased antibiotic resistance problems.