ผลกระทบของนโยบายค่าจ้างขั้นต่ำต่อการกระจายค่าจ้างและช่องว่างทางรายได้ ในประเทศไทย

Abstract

The minimum wage policy was developed to raise the wages of low-skilled workers. This study uses the Thai Labor Force Survey (2011-2020) to examine the impact of the minimum wage policy on wage distribution and earning gap in Thailand. To investigate effects of the minimum wage on wage distribution, this study adopts the quantile regression model corrected for sample selection with a copula. The results show that the minimum wage has the strongest effect on the lowest quantile and the effect decreases toward the higher quantiles. This confirms the effectiveness of the minimum wage policy in raising the wages of low-income individuals. In addition, there is also a spill-over effect on individuals in higher wage quantiles. For the earning gap analysis, the stochastic frontier model with sample selection correction is used to investigate the effect of the minimum wage on the earning gap between potential and actual income. The results show that there is a small inefficiency in the labor market and the minimum wage has a slightly positive effect on earning gap, so increasing the minimum wage slightly reduces the efficiency in the labor market.