Imaging of Ear, Nose, and Throat Tuberculosis: Temporal Bone, Sinonasal Cavities, Pharynx, and Larynx

Abstract

Otorhinolaryngology evolved from the convergence of the disciplines of Otology (from “above”) and Laryngology and Bronchoesophagology (from “below”) with Rhinopharyngology (in the “middle”). In this chapter, we discuss the pathophysiology, clinical features, course and complications, imaging features, imaging differential diagnosis, diagnosis confirmation, and treatment of tuberculosis of the ear and temporal bone, nose and sinonasal cavities, pharynx, and larynx. Each of these organs or structures has different clinical presentations and imaging characteristics, and important pointers and imaging findings that may suggest tuberculosis are mentioned. Knowing the imaging spectrum of tuberculosis in these organs is important for radiologists because they can help alert clinicians, such as otorhinolaryngologists, initiate proper investigation and early treatment.