ผลของการมีส่วนร่วมทางการเมืองของผู้สูงอายุ ต่อการใช้จ่ายภาครัฐด้านสาธารณสุขในเอเชีย

Abstract

This study examines the effect of the political participation within the elderly population on public health spending of countries within Asia, through adopting the panel co-integration method and the estimation of the panel model with the fully modified ordinary least square. The data used in the study were annual data from 2006 to 2016, which was divided into 3 groups of the study countries: flawed democracy, hybrid regimes, and authoritarian regimes. The empirical test results showed that there was a long-term equilibrium relationship in the model of public health spending, including public health expenditure, elderly voter share, gross domestic product per capita, inflation rate, government tax revenue and private health expenditures. These aforementioned factors possess long-term equilibrium relationships with each other in all countries. For the estimation of the relationship with fully modified ordinary least square method, it was found that the proportion of seniors with political voting had a positive effect on public spending of public health within flawed democratic and hybrid regime countries. Economic variables, such as gross domestic product per capita and private health expenditures, affect public spending on public health in all countries. In addition, inflation rate and government tax revenue per gross domestic product has no effect on public spending on public health within all countries.