คุณภาพชีวิตของผู้สูงอายุในพื้นที่อำเภอฝาง จังหวัดเชียงใหม่

Abstract

The objectives of this research were 1) to study the living conditions of the aging in Fang District, Chiang Mai Province, 2) to study the quality of life of the aging in Fang District, Chiang Mai Province, and 3) to propose guidelines for improving the quality of life of the aging community-based in the area of Fang District, Chiang Mai Province. There were two groups of samples used in this research. 1) Leaders of Wiang Sub-District Administrative Organization, staff, and community leaders, totaling 10 people. 2) 60 elders in Wiang Sub-District Aging School, Wiang Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Fang District, Chiang Mai Province were obtained by voluntary random sampling. The research tools are: 1) Living conditions questionnaire for the aging who participated in the Senior School Project in Wiang Subdistrict, Wiang Subdistrict Administrative Organization, Fang District, Chiang Mai Province. 2) World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief – Thai (WHOQOL-BREF-THAI). 3) An interview form for the development of the quality of life of the aging in Fang District in the future. The statistics used in the research were concordance, mean, percentage, and standard deviation. The research results could be summarized as follows. 1. The results of data analysis of living conditions of the aging in the area of Fang District, Chiang Mai Province. Information on living conditions of the aging in the area of Fang District, Chiang Mai Province, most respondents found that 71.66% were female, 61.66% had an average age of 60-69 years, 58.33% had primary education, 60.00% had indigenous ethnic groups, 63.33% are married, 46.66% are engaged in agriculture, 66.66% have an aging income source from work, 75.00% have insufficient income for living, and 46.66% are living with spouse and children, respectively. 2. The analysis results of the average quality of life data of the aging in Fang District, Chiang Mai Province. The quality of life data of the aging in Fang District, Chiang Mai Province showed that their physical health was at a moderate level. The most common were 1) Able to get around on their own. (x̅= 3.58, SD = 0.96) 2) How satisfied are you with being able to do activities of daily living? (x̅= 3.27, SD = 0.90) 3) Satisfaction with being able to do everyday things. (x̅= 3.25, SD = 0.91) 4) How satisfied are you with your rest? (x̅= 3.17, SD = 0.78) 5) Have enough energy to do what you need to work each day. (x̅= 2.98, SD = 0.72) 6) It is necessary to go to the hospital on their own in order to live and work normally. (x̅= 2.77, SD = 1.06). 7) Physical ailments such as headaches, stomachaches, and body aches prevent you from living a normal life. (x̅= 2.72, SD = 0.87). The sum on physical health was 21.74 points. The mental aspect was at a moderate level. The most common were 1) How satisfied are you with yourself? (x̅= 3.85, SD = 0.84) 2) How meaningful is your life? (x̅= 3.75, SD = 0.97) 3) Satisfaction in life such as happiness with life. (x̅= 3.55, SD = 0.77) 4) How much concentration do you have? (x̅= 2.40, SD = 0.81) 5) How often were you feeling lonely, sad, depressed, hopeless, and anxious? (x̅= 2.33, SD = 0.97) 6) How much do you accept your appearance? (x̅= 2.15, SD = 0.97) The sum on psychology was 18.03 points. Social relations aspect of the aging was at a moderate level. The most common were 1) How satisfied are you with making friends or getting along with others like in the past? (x̅= 3.70, SD = 0.94) 2) Satisfied with the help received from the people around them. (x̅= 3.37, SD = 1.06) 3) Satisfied with your life and gender role. (x̅= 3.32, SD = 1.13) The sum on social relations was 10.39 points. The sum on social relations of the aging was at a moderate level. The most common were 1) Satisfied with the living context. (x̅= 3.98, SD = 0.89) 2) Feel that life is stable. (x̅= 3.87, SD = 0.75) 3) Healthy living environment (x̅= 3.83, SD = 0.81) 4) How satisfied are you with your health? (x̅= 3.63, SD = 0.90) 5) Have a chance to relieve stress each day. (x̅= 3.43, SD = 0.91) 6) What level of quality of life and well-being do you think you have? (x̅= 3.40, SD = 0.81) 7) Able to receive information in daily life. (x̅= 3.25, SD = 0.91) 8) How satisfied are you with your transportation journey? (x̅ = 3.25, SD = 0.99) 9) Able to go to medical services by themselves. (x̅= 3.23, SD = 1.13) 10) Have enough money for living. (x̅= 2.87, SD = 0.75) The sum on the environment was 34.74 points. The sum of the four aspects of quality of life of the aging in the area of Fang District, Chiang Mai Province found that the overall quality of life was at 84.90 points, which was in the middle quality of life criteria. 3. The information on the community-based approach to improving the quality of life of the agingin Fang District, Chiang Mai Province found that: 1) For improving the quality of life of the aging physically. The results found that 1.1) The aging must be aware of taking care of their physical health regularly, undergoing 10 health screenings for the aging according to the Ministry of Public Health's screening form according to the recommendations every year, and eating all 5 food groups. 1.2) Consumption of healthy food and nutritional benefits. They should refrain from fast food or foods that are sweet, salty, etc. 1.3) Training to promote exercise and establishing a fitness facility within the community according to their own age from the support of government agencies and public health training. 1.4) Refrain from drinking alcohol, beverages, intoxicants that affect the body negatively. 1.5) Playing sports. 1.6) Take regular rest, make your mind bright and cheerful, look at the world with optimism. 2) Guidelines for improving the quality of life of the aging mentally. The results found that 2.1) Prepare to accept changes in the body, practice mindfulness, and do charity to bring peace of mind, wisdom, peace of mind, and peace. 2.2) They should be in the environment to stimulate the mind and emotions, create a relaxed atmosphere, and practice positive thinking. 2.3) Going to the temple to practice dharma and bring the Dharma principles to develop the mind for use in mental management in living with society to see the truth according to the Buddhist teachings. 2.4) Meetings among the aging and uplifting their spiritual values such as going to temples, making merit, listening to dharma, receiving sermons, insights, and guidelines from the monk who is the abbot. 2.5) Doing recreational activities for the aging to relieve stress, have fun, be cheerful, and have fun, such as listening to dharma that can reach the aging by inviting preachers according to the aging's favorite group, meeting with spiritual teachers, and consistently training to sharpen the mind. 2.6) The practice of not causing attachment to letting go, having compassion, having compassion, and going to measure the Dharma principles to suppress the mind in order to achieve peace, relieve suffering, and not suffer from depression resulting in good health. 3) Guidelines for improving the quality of life of the aging in relation to social relations. The results found that 3.1) In respect, leaders within the aging group should be able to provide activities between the aging groups within the community to work together to enhance their roles, understand their potential, emotions, feelings, self-worth and to reduce anxiety in the aging group to feel relaxed, stress-free, and happy. 3.2) Joint activities for the aging should be organized, such as music, discussion groups, and study tours. 3.3) Activities of various cultural traditions suitable for the aging by group. Recruiting personnel from government agencies to work outside the premises to reach the aging in the community. Acknowledgment of the problem. Counseling, advice, and additional knowledge include guidelines for proper living in the aging. Career development such as making artificial flowers, waste material from coffee sachets or forging a machete can lead to creativity and career promotion. 3.4) The activities of the aging make it a source of teaching for children. This makes the aging happy, less anxious, and feel good about their lives. Activities resulted in the aging getting to know the way of living, being happy, benefiting the public, and not creating trouble for the society, such as being a leader or participating in community development planning activities in temples in their own residential areas, supervising and counseling among the aging among themselves, approaching same-generation groups, visiting fellow aging people of the same age who are sick, and providing assistance when the opportunity arises. 3.5) Away from the bad things in life and mind. 4) Environmental guidelines for improving the quality of life of the aging. The results found that 4.1) There must be an environment that is conducive to the health of the aging. For example: 1) The bedroom is on the ground floor of the house and well ventilated. 2) The bathroom should be next to the bedroom, the floor is not slippery, have handrails, and have a flat toilet. 3) Public places are provided with environments for the aging such as wheelchair ramps, public toilets for the aging, safe facilities in buildings, premises, vehicles, and other public services. 4.2) Recommend to encourage the aging to know how to organize a good environment, such as ฐ choosing planting trees that are conducive to the aging's health, create a peaceful environment, as well as a pleasant atmosphere, free from pollution, and be a good example for the other aging family. 4.3) Taking care of the natural environment in the local community together according to the sufficiency economy era and the development according to the science of the King's by assigning duties to parents, leaders in the community in the aging, assisting in surveillance, consulting on the care of environmental toxicity, maintaining the natural water sources in the local community to be clean, safe, including providing a resting place for the aging in the community. 4.4) To be taken care of by relatives, there should be activities to develop housing, help each other, and take care of the surrounding environment in terms of housing, for example, promoting the collection of recycled waste or products generated from recycled waste at causing more or less impact on the preservation of the environment in the community. 4.5) They should participate in activities in the village community at government organizations, agencies, and the development of a landscape adjustment residential environment enabling the aging to have a good quality of life, cheerful, and happy in the society.