Genetic Differentiation in Mrigal Carp (Cirrhinus cirrhosus) Affected by Heavy Metals Near Iron Ore Mine

Abstract

This study aimed to determine heavy metal concentrations (As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Fe) in water, sediment and Mrigal carp (Cirrhinus cirrhosus) muscle, and to compare genetic differentiation of the fish in a reservoir near iron ore mine and non-affected area. The heavy metal concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The genetic differentiation was studied by inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) with dendrogram construction and genomic template stability (GTS) evaluation. The results showed that As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Fe concentrations in water and sediment from reservoir near iron ore mine were 0.0197 / 0.0034, 0.0003 / 0.0002, 0.0069 / 0.0069, ND and 0.9660 / 0.1370 mg/L, and 168.24 / 14.26, 3.17 / 0.31, 30.80 / 0.02, 6.61 / 0.01 and 157,494.71 /39,115.51 mg/kg, respectively. The heavy metal concentrations in water and sediment did not exceed the standard limit of Thailand, except for the As. The As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Fe concentrations in C. cirrhosus were 0.09 / 0.06, 0.09 / 0.04, 0.32 / 0.47, ND and 41.12 / 7.08 mg/kg, respectively. The As, Cd and Cr concentrations in C. cirrhosus exceeded the standard for contaminants in food. ISSR fingerprints from 12 primers successfully produced 85 total clear bands for dendrogram construction and GTS evaluation. The dendrogram results separated C. cirrhosus into 2 clusters corresponding to the studied areas. The %GTS range of the fish from the iron ore mine as 80.00-91.14 was lower than the fish from the non-affected area as 92.41-98.77. The results suggested that As, Cd, Cr, Pb and Fe accumulated in C. cirrhosus could cause genotoxicity in term of induction of DNA damages based on the ISSR marker analysis as %GTS.